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Volume 30, Number 1—January 2024
Research

Effect of 2020–21 and 2021–22 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Epidemics on Wild Birds, the Netherlands

Valentina CaliendoComments to Author , Erik Kleyheeg, Nancy Beerens, Kees C.J. Camphuysen, Rommert Cazemier, Armin R.W. Elbers, Ron A.M. Fouchier, Leon Kelder, Thijs Kuiken, Mardik Leopold, Roy Slaterus, Marcel A.H. Spierenburg, Henk van der Jeugd, Hans Verdaat, and Jolianne M. Rijks
Author affiliations: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (V. Caliendo, J.M. Rijks); Sovon, Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus); Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (N. Beerens); Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, the Netherlands (K.C.J. Camphuysen); Wetterskip Fryslan, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands (R. Cazemier); Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad (A.R.W. Elbers); Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken); Staatsbosbeheer, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (L. Kelder); Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M. Leopold, H. Verdaat); Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Utrecht (M.A.H. Spierenburg); Vogeltrekstation—Dutch Centre for Avian Migration and Demography NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, the Netherlands. (H. van der Jeugd); Waarneming.nl, Stichting Observation International, Den Helder (H. Verdaat)

Main Article

Figure 1

Relative number of reported deaths during the highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemics of 2020–21 (red asterisks), and 2021–22 (blue asterisks), the Netherlands. Deaths are relative to the normalized number of deaths reported over the same period from 2011–2012 to 2015–2016 (average is 1; data from Sovon, Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands). A) Deaths reported in the winter months, October–March. B) Deaths reported in the summer months, April–September. The y-axis is on a log scale; reported relative number of deaths among geese during winter 2021–22 was >50 larger than in the previous years. Error bars indicate maximum and minimum deaths.

Figure 1. Relative number of reported deaths during the highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemics of 2020–21 (red asterisks), and 2021–22 (blue asterisks), the Netherlands. Deaths are relative to the normalized number of deaths reported over the same period from 2011–2012 to 2015–2016 (average is 1; data from Sovon, Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands). A) Deaths reported in the winter months, October–March. B) Deaths reported in the summer months, April–September. The y-axis is on a log scale; reported relative number of deaths among geese during winter 2021–22 was >50 larger than in the previous years. Error bars indicate maximum and minimum deaths.

Main Article

Page created: November 30, 2023
Page updated: December 20, 2023
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