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Volume 29, Number 7—July 2023
Online Report

Epidemiology of Pathogens Listed as Potential Bioterrorism Agents, the Netherlands, 2009‒2019

Jorrit Broertjes, Eelco Franz, Ingrid H.M. Friesema, Hugo-Jan Jansen, Frans A.G. Reubsaet, Saskia A. Rutjes, Cornelis Stijnis, Bettie C.G. Voordouw, Maaike C. de Vries, Daan W. Notermans, and Martin P. GrobuschComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam the Netherlands (J. Broertjes, C. Stijnis, M.P. Grobusch); National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (E. Franz, I.H.M. Friesema, F.A.G. Reubsaet, S.A. Rutjes, C.B.C.G. Voordouw, M.C. de Vries, D.W. Notermans); Ministry of Defence, Doorn, the Netherlands (H.-J. Jansen); Royal Netherlands Navy, Den Helder, the Netherlands (C. Stijnis)

Main Article

Table 2

European Medicines Agency classification of biologic threats

Category I agents: major infectious diseases for which treatment exists Category II agents: other bacterial infections for which treatment exists Category III agents: biologic agents for which currently no specific treatment can be recommended
Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, Variola major, hemorrhagic fever viruses, botulinum toxin (Clostridium botulinum), Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei Chlamydia psittaci, Rickettsia prowazekii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium, encephalitis viruses,* Nipah virus, other hemorrhagic fever viruses,† Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin, Staphylococcal enterotoxin B, ricin

*Encephalitis viruses include Eastern equine encephalitis, Western equine encephalitis, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis. †Other hemorrhagic fever viruses, for which no treatment existed: Marburg virus, Ebola virus, yellow fever virus, hantavirus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus. However, for Ebola virus disease, treatment options now exist.

Main Article

Page created: May 09, 2023
Page updated: June 21, 2023
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